Is there a universal formula that helps to mathematically calculate the attractiveness of a person?
For centuries, scientists, poets and simply romantics tried to give answers to these questions, but only Leonardo da Vinci, one of the most controversial representatives of the era, the man who is credited with the famous term “golden ratio,” succeeded. According to his theory, everything in the world lends itself to a geometrically verified structure. In other words, the “golden ratio” means the proportional division of a segment into several parts.
It is not surprising that one day they decided to apply the “golden ratio” to the human face, determining the proportions that make it ideal. The result was a ratio of 1:1.618. Since this was officially approved, people began to strive to ensure that their appearance was as close to perfect as possible.
Golden ratio mask
Nowadays, American plastic surgeon Stephen Marquardt, who specializes in correcting aesthetic defects acquired during adulthood or at birth, has begun studying facial proportions.
Having divided the face into conventional geometric shapes, each of which differs in the ratio already mentioned above, he created the “golden ratio mask” - a special pattern that characterizes the appearance as pleasant or, conversely, repulsive.
Numerous studies and experiments have proven: the better a face fits into the Marquardt pattern, the more attractive a person is to others. Moreover, this rule applies to both women and men of all races and nationalities.
The fact that the faces of actors and famous people of past years almost completely fit into the mask developed by the surgeon deserves special attention.+
Nasal breathing disorder
Rhinoplasty can be performed for purely aesthetic reasons or for medical reasons. Very often, deformation of the external nose indicates that the nasal septum is also deformed or curved. In order to restore respiratory function and avoid complications, septoplasty is performed - plastic surgery of the nasal septum. If the deformation of the nasal septum is combined with another pathology of the nasal cavity, for example, hypertrophy of the nasal turbinates or cysts of the maxillary sinus, the plastic surgeon involves a qualified ENT surgeon to participate in the operation.
Perfect nose
If you believe that the “golden ratio” is one of the fundamental principles in nature, then all facial features must correspond to it. What, according to the formula obtained, is the length of a perfect nose? To determine it, divide your face into three parts. The nose should occupy one third of the face. To check if your nose fits these parameters, measure your face from the chin to the tip of the nose, from the tip of the nose to the eyebrows, and from the eyebrows to where the hair begins to grow. Equal thirds means your nose is ideal in terms of the golden ratio.
Nose width
If everything is more or less clear when calculating the length of the nose, then the task of determining the appropriate width can be daunting. In fact, this is not difficult: correct proportions mean that the size of the nose in the area of the wings coincides with the longitudinal section of the eyes. In this case, the nose should remain within the lines drawn through the inner corners of the eyes.
Nose tilt
The angle between the bridge of the nose and the line of the forehead should be thirty-five degrees (fluctuations are permissible within thirty and forty degrees). The angle between the upper lip and the columella in women should not exceed one hundred five degrees, in men - ninety-five. Over the years, this figure inevitably decreases.
Please note that the “golden ratio” formula is relevant for Caucasian noses and may not always be applicable to Asians and Africans.
How to lift the bridge of the nose?
Typically, autografts are used in this case. This allows you to visually narrow the nose in the area of the bridge of the nose and the face as a whole looks neater.
The tissue for the graft is taken from the cartilaginous part of the nasal septum or from the rib. The point is that this material is sufficiently rigid, and after the operation, even under load, the new shape is retained.
How to make your nose perfect?
It would seem that the perfect shape of the nose or other facial features is not particularly important, because the main thing is the person’s personality, his charisma, character and intelligence. However, at the subconscious level, we instantly “read” a new acquaintance even before he introduces himself - for most of us, one glance is enough to form an opinion about the interlocutor.
This is why you should not underestimate the importance of a proportionate face. Asymmetrical features, a nose that is too large or too small, a hump on the back of the nose, the width of the wings - all this negatively affects how other people perceive us. But do not rush to despair - any shortcomings can be successfully corrected in a plastic surgery clinic.
tip of the nose
If we talk about the profile of the nose, namely the tip and its shape, then for a man it is not critical if the tip of the nose is slightly lowered, often this is even the highlight of the image. But as for women, a drooping tip of the nose is often considered a disadvantage, which is why plastic surgeons have so much work to do. A tip that is too upturned is also not always good, it adds simplicity to the face. A defect such as a bifurcated tip also spoils visual perception, but thanks to the capabilities of plastic surgery, this can be easily corrected by an experienced surgeon.
The photo below is an example of the work of a plastic surgeon - Vitaly Vladimirovich Zholtikov.
Determining a Person's Character
Each of the parameters can accurately indicate the character of the person you are interested in.
Length:
Form:
Tip:
Woman's nose
Even in Ancient Egypt, one of the criteria for standard beauty was a straight nose.
In Ancient Greece, women with this form of respiratory organ were also revered. For example, Aphrodite was always depicted with a straight nose, majestic posture and large eyes. Nowadays, a group of American scientists has conducted a series of studies in search of the ideal female nose. Their results revealed that beauty directly depends on the angle formed by the base and the line connecting the tip to the lips. During the research, scientists assessed the faces of four thousand women and found that the optimal angle size was 106 degrees.
Male nose
Having examined the shape of a man’s nose, scientists came to the conclusion that it can be used to determine not only a person’s inclination towards creativity, science, and art, but also his sexual activity.
Character traits of a man that can be determined based on his shape:
What is the cost of such an operation?
Depending on the complexity, it costs from 300,000 rubles. up to 400,000 rub.
- Initial consultation on rhinoplasty₽3,000
- Including professional 3D modeling
- Repeated consultation on rhinoplasty₽6,000
- Primary full rhinoplasty₽300,000
- * First category of difficulty
- Primary full rhinoplasty₽330,000
- * Second category of difficulty
- Primary full rhinoplasty₽370,000
- * Third category of difficulty
- Primary full rhinoplasty₽400,000
- * Fourth category of difficulty
- Primary rhinoplasty of Asian nose₽420,000
- * The complexity of the category can only be determined during an in-person examination during a consultation with a surgeon. Assessment of the complexity category of rhinoplasty is not carried out using photographs or remotely.
- The price for all plastic surgeries includes: hospital stay, general anesthesia, all subsequent dressings and examinations throughout the year.
- ** In 99% of cases, septoplasty and vasotomy are performed simultaneously according to indications. These surgeries are included in the cost of a full rhinoplasty.
Surgeon consultation
Ideal shape and size
However, in our times, ideas about the beauty of noses have undergone significant changes. An ideal nose in the modern sense is almost impossible without a rounded tip that is not overly upturned, which slightly closes the openings of the nostrils. At the same time, a slight elevation of the tip of the nose is considered to be a feminine feature. And, naturally, an ideal nose simply cannot tilt either to the right or to the left.
Physiognomists also emphasize that a perfect nose is characterized by rooting at its base, that is, it is typical of a small area between the eyes and eyebrows.
Required attributes of the ideal:
Visual examples of an ideal nose
However, it is important to keep in mind: the ideal shape of this face detail is not suitable for everyone. No matter how strange it may sound, it is true. Keep in mind that beauty does not depend on each line or part of the face individually, but on their harmonious combination.
In addition, a woman’s anthropometric data, such as her height, which is far from the face, also plays an important role. A snub nose looks great on short women, while having one on a tall girl will make her nostrils overly conspicuous, which can hardly add to her attractiveness. On large faces it should be correspondingly large, and on small faces, respectively, vice versa.
Structure and types of nose
Before plunging into an analysis of ideals and what this part of a woman’s face can say to adherents of physiognomy, you must first understand exactly what parts it itself consists of. They also form the general shape of the nose and, as a result, the picture of the face of its owner.
The nose is characterized by its shape , width, length and the above components, such as the tip, bridge of the nose, and so on. All these signs in their combinations are traced every day in our lives and have ethnic and geographical characteristics that lie in the particularities of their structure. Types of the nose along its back:
Determining character by the shape of the nose
According to physiognomy, depending on the shape of a person’s nose, you can not only feel sympathy or antipathy for him, but also learn about his character . It is difficult to judge the reliability of such studies based on parts of the face, but it may be worth familiarizing yourself with the main features that characterize a person based on his nose, and then analyze the reliability based on your own experience. Take a closer look and evaluate your character, as well as those of your loved ones and acquaintances, using the forms presented below.
Classic shape
This shape is easily recognized by its evenness, and a straight line can be drawn from its bridge to its tip.
Upturned tip
Snub-nosed type , as a rule, straight, with features in the form of an upturned tip and often several widened nostrils
Roman nose
Straight and large , with a slight hump, which is clearly visible in profile and which smoothly aligns to both edges of the nose.
Owners of the Roman type are distinguished by a strong, to some extent masculine character. They are characterized by an analytical mindset and some aristocracy, ambition and leadership qualities. Impulsiveness and sensitivity to circumstances are alien to them. Owners of a Roman nose get used to calculating their actions in advance, anticipating the consequences and being several steps ahead when it comes to competition. Their resilience and ambition soften the blows of fate both in their careers and in their personal lives, encouraging them to look forward without fear.
In the form of potatoes
In pursuing their goals, they are distinguished by uncompromisingness, sometimes bordering on tyranny. They rarely think about both other people’s and even their own feelings, which cannot but have a negative impact on relationships with others, which often end dramatically. With all this, girls with potato noses are very sociable, have a positive attitude and have an excellent sense of humor.
Eagle nose shape
Many girls are not delighted with the eagle shape , which is characterized by a straight nose with a slightly curved tip hanging over the lips, but this shape can make a woman’s face memorable. Often there is a hump on the nose of this shape.
The principle of the golden ratio
The main criterion for determining the correct nose is its proportions.
The most beautiful parts of the body are considered to be symmetrical. To determine this parameter, mentally divide the face vertically into three equal parts. In this case, the nose will be in the middle of them. When dividing the face into five parts, it is easy to see that its width will be approximately equal to the width of each eye. The famous Italian artist and scientist Leonardo da Vinci formulated the most accurate and complete idea of the ideal proportions of the human body as a whole and each of the organs separately. He conducted a lot of research and devoted more than one day of his life to this topic. In his opinion, if the basis of the figure is the principle of the golden ratio and the maximum possible symmetry, then a feeling of harmony appears. This principle is based on the fact that all parts of the human body are in a certain relationship to one another and to the body as a whole.
You can easily test this theory and test the principle of the golden ratio on yourself. To do this, you will need a facial profile and the following tools:
The parameters of the nose will then be ideal when the length is equal to a third of the height of the face, and the height of the tip corresponds to two-thirds of its back.
Patients and methods
The study of the parameters and proportions of the external nose included persons of Kazakh nationality from among the students of Nazarbayev University and the Astana Railway School in the amount of 500 people. The age of the subjects ranged from 16 to 25 years (average - 20.6±3.5 years), of which 197 (39.4%) were women and 303 (60.6%) men.
The main criteria for inclusion in the study were the desire to participate in it and the Kazakh nationality of the participant.
The main exclusion criteria were a history of rhinoplasty or trauma to the external nose, which could alter the natural proportions of the external nose.
The participants were examined in the medical offices of the specified educational institutions during periodic medical examinations (Fig. 1).
Rice. 1. Performing anthropometry using calipers on a study participant. Measuring the length (a) and width (b) of the nose.
Measurements of the external nose were performed in real time with the normal anatomical position of the head in millimeters using a digital caliper, headlight and calculator, as well as virtually - on digital color photographs taken in standard projections.
The shooting conditions were a matte background, a distance to the subject of 0.5 m, portrait mode, autofocus and flash with slow sync. Study participants took off their glasses, earrings and exposed their foreheads. Standard projections were used: 1) frontal, when the patient's gaze was directed into the lens, the line of the eyes was positioned strictly in the horizontal plane, and the ears were symmetrical; 2-3) lateral, in which the so-called “Frankfurt” line was installed horizontally between the upper edge of the external auditory canal and the lower edge of the orbit; 4) basal, when the head was thrown back and the tip of the nose was brought out between the eyebrows.
The photographs were transferred to a personal computer, where they were processed and measured in Adobe Photoshop. At the same time, we adhered to the following principle: absolute linear values were measured in humans, proportions and angles were measured virtually, in photographs.
A standard otorhinolaryngological examination of participants was performed in one stage using a set of ENT instruments.
The data was entered into a general database and individual registration cards of the subjects studied (IRC), with subsequent calculation of proportions, comparison of parameters and statistical processing.
During the work, the following indicators were calculated. Nasal height (NH) was defined as the distance between the nasion (the midpoint at the frontonasal angle) and the so-called pronasal point (the prominent point of the external nose) (Fig. 2). Nose width (NB) was calculated as the distance between the most lateral points of the wings. Based on the height and width of the nose, the nasal index was calculated, which is determined by the ratio of the width of the nose to its height, multiplied by 100. We calculated the lobular index as the ratio of the width of the tip of the lobule to the total width of the lobule. Traditionally, a large lobular index characterizes a wide nasal tip. In addition to these basic parameters, we also calculated the nasolabial angle, Goode nasal projection index, Gunther tip projection index, and tip rotation (see Fig. 2).
Rice. 2. Main anthropometric points and parameters of the external nose used in the study. 1 - nasion; 2 - subnasal point; 3 - lateral points of the wings of the nose; 4 - ventral points of the nostrils; 5 - columella; 6 - upper lip; 7 - tip of the nose; 8 — tip rotation angle; 9 - nasolabial angle.
The average values of indicators for groups and their standard deviations were determined.
Data were analyzed using Statistica (SPSS, 11.0).
Specific characteristics were identified, and the results were compared with the average statistical parameters available in the literature for the three main races: African, Caucasian and Mongoloid. The reliability of the differences in the compared sample average quantitative indicators was determined by t
-test.
Differences were considered statistically significant if the probability of the null hypothesis being true was <5% ( p
<0.05).
Face. Part 1. Ideal proportions.
In connection with the preparation of a new project from Harmoniq, we are starting a new series of thematic articles about the face.
Let's start. from ideal
